Thursday, February 28, 2013

Personal Distance


人类在不同的活动范围中因关系的亲密程度而有着或保持不同的距离。不同民族与文化构成人们之间不同的空间区域,多数讲英语的人在交谈时不喜欢离的太近,总要保持一定的距离。西班牙人和阿拉伯人交谈是会凑的很近,而对俄罗斯人来说意大利人交谈是过于靠近,拉美人交谈时几乎贴身。更有趣的是英国人与意大利人交谈时,意大利人不停的“进攻”,英国人不断的“撤退”。实际上他们交谈时都只不过是要占据对自己适当的,习惯的实际距离。西方文化注重个个隐私,东方人“私”的概念薄弱。在电梯,巴士或火车上,素不相识人的拥挤在一起,东方人可以容忍身体与身体接触的那种挤,西方人无法容忍,在对个人空间的要求方面,中国人、日本人以至大多数亚洲人要比西方人小的多。这是因为不同的文化习俗的缘故,西方人看中宽松的氛围,崇尚个人自由和个人权利,而东方人的传统文化根深蒂固。
空间的观念是立体的,不仅包括领域的大小距离,包含领域的高度。“拉开距离”具有保持身份的威严的功能,而保持空间领域的高度又是支配权利的一种方式。法庭、教堂、礼堂、会议厅的布置都十分注重利用空间距离来发挥这一功能,以表现优越感与从属关系。在中国,长辈和领导面朝南坐,在西方则坐在椭圆桌子头的位置,等等,不一而足,这些都说明不同文化背景的人对空间的运用和安排都有着各自的固定模式,从而构成无数文化差异,让空间的使用具有了更为丰富的文化功能。

In the US, people in the south generally give you your space; in the north, not so much.

Wikipedia: According to the psychologist Robert Sommer a method of dealing with violated personal space is dehumanization. He argues that (for example) on the subway, crowded people often imagine those intruding on their personal space as inanimate.  

This explains one interesting phenomenon: Imagine that you and your friends stand close to each other on a crowded subway, silent. When you start to talk, you subconsciously try to step back a little. Before you talk, you dehumanize your friend and consider him as inanimate. But when you want to talk to him, he becomes your friend again, and you suddenly, although probably unconsciously, notice this uncomfortable personal distance and hence step back.


No comments:

Post a Comment